Dangers of Texting While Driving - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 952 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Texting and Driving Essay Did you like this example? Sometimes we make bad choices which can be dangerous to our lives or affect the people lives around us. Im sure there has been a time when you have been on your phone while on the road. It could be to respond to a message, answer a phone call or change a song. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dangers of Texting While Driving" essay for you Create order 37% of car rides include some type of phone involvement. Your life can be gone in a matter of seconds. It only takes 3 seconds for a drivers attention to be off the road for a crash to occur. Texting and driving stories occur in the news or an article just about every day. Technology has become a huge part of our lives. Cell phone demand grows more everyday. The quickest way to communicate is through using our cell phones. We have easy access to social media, texting, video chats etc.. on our smartphones. People are so worried about being updated about whats on Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and texting back on time. Founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction, David Greenfield, stated that one reason its so hard to stay away from electronic devices while driving is because of smartphones addictive nature(Teensafe 2018). Our brains instinctively respond to the alerts our phones send us that signal incoming messages or social media updates, making it harder to resist the urge to use your smartphone while driving (Teensafe 2018). The dangers of texting while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year. It is very dangerous but people still continue to do it everyday. Drivers ignore warnings and laws to stop using their phones while on the road. A big reason is that theyre simply not persuaded that nothing can happen to them. Many articles and stories have been shared with the world to help influence people to put their phones away while on the road. Approximately 660,000 drivers use their cell phones while driving during the day creating a large potential for crashes and fatalities (Teensafe 2018). Currently 47 states have passed a law that banned texting and driving. The purpose of having this law helps save lives but people still continue to do it. The interest for cell phones is developing each day. Anybody can purchase a cell phone at a reasonable cost. Many drivers still speak on phones and text while driving. Accordingly talking on the phone is just as dangerous as texting. Ages 16-19 years old are three times more likely to be involved in an accident than any other age group. 11 teenagers die everyday as a result of texting and driving. Studies show that teenagers are particularly at risk for texting while driving and car crashes. Teens text five times more than adults on average (Teen led 2012).When an accident occurs as a result in texting and driving and someone is killed or injured criminal charges can be pressed against the driver. Also another consequence is that the driver can be ticketed or fined especially if texting and driving is banned in the state. In the state of Pennsylvania texting and driving is banned. The penalty for this offense in a $50 fine with additional court costs and other fees. One day I hope texting and driving death rates can decrease. Many lives are lost over this distraction. It is heartbreaking that families lose their loved ones to texting and driving everyday. I read an article on ESPN called Mother Who Lost Son to Distracted Driving Urges Friends to Put Down Phones. A teenager named Gage Edwards passed away from a car accident. Gages mother bought him an Iphone for a christmas present. She thought it would be a good idea because Gage had a busy schedule with football, baseball and work. On January 31st Gage had a makeup game, after his game he went to work. When he got off of work he was scheduled to pick up his girlfriend. He was texting while driving. He drove off the road and ran into trees. Gage passed away 2 days later. This story about Gage breaks my heart. Its so sad that a young life was lost due to texting and driving. Phone companies have started to take action. Many phone companies have been dragged into lawsuits from customers blaming them for the accidents because its their product involved in the accident. There have been numerous reasons to stop texting while driving across the nation. One of them is ATTs It Can Pause battle, requesting that drivers promise not to drive occupied. An ATT contemplate uncovered that most phone clients cooperate with a normal of five individuals every day on their cell phone. 81% of individuals examined said they have stopped doing it as much or quit using their cell phone while driving (Teensafe 2018). Apple released an IOS update which has a new feature Do Not Disturb While Driving. This feature is an optional feature you can turn on in your phone. It is able to tell when your driving. When this feature is on while driving your messages and phone calls you receive will be put on disturb. Any notifications you receive you will not be alerted. Also this feature has a parent feature mood which parents are able to control their driving teenagers phones. Texting and driving is a big problem in society today causing American death rates to rise. Many teens and adults have developed a habit of using their phones while driving. It is one of the most dangerous things to do while on the road. We are all guilty of texting while driving at one point. It is not worth it. Your life is at risk and so are the peoples lives who are around you. This simple distraction is causing innocent lives to be taken everyday.

Commonly Confused Words Cite, Sight, and Site

The words cite, sight, and site are homophones: they sound the same but have different meanings. Definitions The verb cite means to acknowledge, mention, or quote as an authority or example. (Also see citation.) Cite also means  to officially order (someone) to appear in a court of law. In addition, cite means to recognize or praise someone, usually for a notable achievement.   The noun sight refers to the power or process of seeing or  to something that is seen. The noun site means a plot of land or a particular place or scene. Examples This style guide explains how to cite sources in a term paper.I complimented his organization on its unusually courteous and efficient service, and cited the saleswoman as an outstanding example of the stores high caliber.(Jerzy Kosinski, Cockpit, 1975)  Ã‚  When he spoke, I saw that his teeth were white and straight, and the sight of them suddenly made me understand that Grossbart actually did have parents—that once upon a time someone had taken little Sheldon to the dentist.(Philip Roth, Defender of the Faith.  Goodbye, Columbus, 1959)A group of teachers of foreign languages met in Nashville, Tennessee. The Opryland Hotel was the site of the conference.(Maya Angelou,  Hallelujah! The Welcome Table. Random House, 2007) Idiom Alerts The expression a sight for sore eyes is a way of saying that someone is attractive or that youre very pleased to see some person or thing.Mrs. Evans! you are certainly a sight for sore eyes! I dont know how you manage to look so unruffled and cool and young! With all those children.(Jo Britten in James Baldwins play Blues for Mister Charlie, 1964)The oxymoronic expression sight unseen means to accept or purchase something without first having had an opportunity to look at it.Ill tell you something really crazy. I just bought a house on Nob Hill--three and a half stories and forty rooms.  It takes up half a block on Sacramento and Clay, right behind Jim Floods mansion. I  bought it sight unseen.†(John Jakes, California Gold. Random House, 1989) Practice (a) Allanbank was finally demolished, but despite this Jeans ghost has subsequently been seen on the _____ of the house and along the driveway, much to the relief of the local people who have come to love her.(Allan Scott-Davies,  Shadows on the Water: The Haunted Canals and Waterways of Britain. The History Press, 2010)(b) Authors who work on the same subject tend to _____ the same research papers.(c) It was a disgusting _____, that bathroom. All the indecent secrets of our underwear were exposed; the grime, the rents and patches, the bits of string doing duty for buttons, the layers upon layers of fragmentary garments, some of them mere collections of holes held together by dirt.(George Orwell, The Spike. The Adelphi, April 1931) Answers to Practice Exercises:Cite, Sight, and Site (a) Allanbank was finally demolished, but despite this Jeans ghost has subsequently been seen on the  site  of the house and along the driveway, much to the relief of the local people who have come to love her.(Allan Scott-Davies,  Shadows on the Water: The Haunted Canals and Waterways of Britain. The History Press, 2010)(b) Authors who work on the same subject tend to  cite  the same research papers. (c) It was a disgusting  sight, that bathroom. All the indecent secrets of our underwear were exposed; the grime, the  rents  and patches, the bits of string doing duty for buttons, the layers upon layers of fragmentary garments, some of them mere collections of holes held together by dirt.(George Orwell, The Spike.  The Adelphi, April 1931)

Cop Out Free Essays

White Water Rafting Site Recommendation Christopher Davis, Liquita James, and Susan Williams ACC/543 August 13, 2012 Linda Miller White Water Rafting Site Recommendation White water rafting is a new sport that has gained popularity in recent years. Because of this popularity the white water rafting business has expanded. Our client is interested in opening a white water rafting business. We will write a custom essay sample on Cop Out or any similar topic only for you Order Now The client has three states in which they are interested in Alabama, Georgia, and Virginia. The client has requested that the accounting firm research to see which location would be best for their new rafting business. Research must be done of the legal ramifications of real property, personal property, business insurance and environmental issues and regulations for each location in order to make the site recommendation. Real Property and Personal Property Real Property is the land itself and any building, trees, soil, minerals, timbers, plants, and other things permanently affixed to the land. Land and buildings are purchased and the owner may use, enjoy, and develop the property as he or she sees fit, subject to any applicable government regulation. Buildings that are constructed on the property are also real property. Personal property is tangible property such as equipment, vehicles, furniture, and jewelry, as well as intangible property such as securities, patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Determining if a mobile home can be used for the office on the new location is important to the client. Therefore we would need to know in each location if the mobile home is considered real property or personal property. In Toccoa Georgia real property can be purchased for around $150,000 for 2. 2 acres on the Toccoa River. Placing a mobile home on this land for the office would be considered real property in Georgia as long as the mobile home is titled to the same party that owns the land. The mobile home must be tied down and blocked in to be considered for commercial use. In Cahaba River City: Mountain Brook, Alabama the tax assessing official makes the differentiation between real property and personal property by considering the manner in which property is attached to or secured at the location and the purpose for which the property is used. Intangible personal property includes an owner’s representation of rights to property such as shares of stock, annuities, patents, market certificates, etc. Intangible personal property owned by businesses is not taxable under the property tax laws of this state. Business personal property is considered Class II property and is taxed at 20% of market value. Market value multiplied by twenty percent equals the assessment value, which is then multiplied by the appropriate jurisdiction’s millage rates to determine the amount of tax due. The State of Alabama publishes a personal property appraisal manual so that basic methods and procedures can be followed in the personal property appraisal process (â€Å"Personal Property†, 2012). Land in Birmingham, Alabama is roughly around 45,000 an acre. Rappahannock River in Fredericksburg Virginia is a combination of rural and urban life. The river is located off a major highway  leading north and south of the area. It’s it also located between  the capital Washington, D. C. and the capital of the state, Richmond. It’s a great area for relaxing and family with  a country feel. There are major tourist’s sites such as  war battlefields,  art galleries and antique shops. The mobile home issue as an office would be considered real property in Virginia. Once the home or office t is off the truck and secured on the ground it is considered real property. Lots run from $120,000 up to $700,000. 00 Business Insurance It is also important that we research what each site location business insurance requirements are. Business Insurance will protect our client and their property from damages and any unforeseeable circumstances. For Georgia the following insurances are required for a white water rafting business in Toccoa; vehicle insurance, floater policy, on water liability, and workmen’s compensation. Vehicle insurance for the buses, vans and cars, with low premium rates are based on the seasonal nature of your business, with limits up to $5,000,000, plus Physical Damage coverage; MVR and driver selection program assistance, prompt issuance of ID cards and Certificates. Floater Policy for your rafting and canoeing equipment policies provide physical damage protection for your river equipment – Fire, theft, vandalism, collision, and much more are covered; Low rates make this an important part of your insurance protection program; Office computers and equipment can be included. On Water Liability is professional liability insurance consulting for whitewater rafting, canoe livery industries and outdoor adventure companies. New, lower minimum premiums for the smaller outfitter, along with a liability waiver designed for you; Limits up to $5,000,000. . Finally Worker’s Compensation Offered in most states – Competitive rates. CBIZ offers professional liability insurance consulting for whitewater rafting, canoe livery industries and outdoor adventure companies. CBIZ is the Preferred Agent for the Paddle sports Industry Association. They offer liability coverage through four programs: KK, Tudor Insurance (Sattler), the AO endorsed Great Outdoors Program (Gillingham) and Philadelphia Insurance. Additionally, they offer commercial auto through four programs in most states. With full-service professional liability insurance consulting for whitewater rafting, canoe livery industries and outdoor adventure companies from CBIZ, you’re protected while your customers enjoy their outdoor activities: 1. Vehicle Insurance: Stable markets for buses, vans, cars, and trucks; Low premium rates are based on the seasonal nature of your business; Limits up to $5,000,000, plus Physical Damage coverage; MVR and driver selection program assistance, prompt issuance of ID cards and Certificates. 2. Floater Policy for your rafting and canoeing equipment: These policies provide physical damage protection for your river equipment – Fire, theft, vandalism, collision, and much more are covered; Low rates make this an important part of your insurance protection program; Office computers and equipment can be included. . On Water Liability: Get professional liability insurance consulting for whitewater rafting, canoe livery industries and outdoor adventure companies. New, lower minimum premiums for the smaller outfitter, along with a liability waiver designed for you; Limits up to $5,000,000. 4. You also need Worker’s Compensation (â€Å"Whitewater Rafting†, 2012). For Virginia liab ility insurance is required for rafting. Virginia requires that management must have at least three years management experience for acquire an insurance policy. There must be a General liability minimum premium $2,500 for mountaineering experience and ropes courses General liability minimum premium $10,000 for equine exposures – General liability minimum premium $2,000 for water activities. As with Alabama CBIZ offers the most affordable insurance for the area and offers the same vehicle, floater, water liability and workman’s comp insurance. Environmental Issues and Regulations Environmental issues and regulations are important when deciding upon a site for our clients business. These issues and regulations can cause a major problem for our client. At the Toccoa Georgia site the environmental issues that are of concern are that the rivers are being polluted by businesses in the area. â€Å" Polluters can dump garbage into streams, developers can pave over wetlands to build strip malls, and the cops on the environmental beat can’t do a thing about it† I n April, the Environmental Protection Agency took the first major step in decades to protect Georgia’s rivers by setting new guidelines to prevent pollution from flowing into our waters. â€Å"Protect Our Rivers†, 2012) Fourteen Alabama environmental groups have officially filed a petition with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to withdraw Alabama’s authority over the water pollution-permitting program because it does not meet the minimum requirements of the Clean Water Act (â€Å"Clean Water Network†, 2012). There are no ongoing environmental issues or regulations for Rappahannock River in Fredericksburg Virginia. Site Recommendation The site recommended for our client is the Alabama site. The insurance requirement is about the same for all three states. Therefore we need to look at the real property and environment to make our decision. The mobile home issue is that it can be used for commercial use in all three of the locations. The mobile home would be considered real property because it will be attached to the location. Land in Alabama is cheaper so that makes it a better investment. Finally the environmental issues are about the same with those states having issues with polluted rivers. Alabama like other states is actively pursuing this issue. In conclusion, our client is trying to decide where would be the best location to open a new white water rafting business. First we found three ideal locations for the new business. Then after much research we looked at whether or not they could have a mobile home as an office and if this was real or personal property. Other issue that we looked into was the business insurance and environmental issues. This helped us to decide that the best location for our new white water rafting business was Cahaba River City: Mountain Brook, AL. References Clean Water Network (2012). Retrieved from http://www. cleanwaternetwork. org/news-events/news/clean-water-network-groups-call-epa-take-away-alabamas-authority-over-water-permitt Georgia. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. statues. Laws. com Georgia business license. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com Personal Property (2012). Retrieved from http://www. ador. state. al. us/advalorem/sections/personalproperty. htm Protect our Rivers. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. environmentgeorgia. org Whitewater Rafting (2012). Retrieved from http://www. cbiz. com/page. asp? pid=6384 How to cite Cop Out, Essay examples

Portfolio Management Overview of the Weekly Portfolio

Question: Describe about the Overview of the Weekly Portfolio for Portfolio Management. Answer: In week one, the topic of discussion is on the relevance of systems thinking to project, program and portfolio management (PPPM) which involves the systems engineering body of knowledge (SEBoK). Additional subtopics covered under this main topic included an introduction to systems engineering and its subsequent implementation such as the matrix application (Beringer, Jonas Georg Gemnden, 2012). I learned on the definition of a system and its basics, and what a project, system thinking, and portfolios are all about. A system refers to a mechanism in which something is done while systems thinking basically explains the principles and connections in the components of a system itself. On the other hand, a project is interrelated plans executable over a timely period and with fixed prices and limitations, while programs are instructions capable of performing tasks when expected by a computer. A portfolio in itself is a large flat case used for carrying loose paper sheets for example maps and drawings. System thinking has numerous advantages to the project, program and portfolio managements which include the identification and management of threats arising from dependence and relationships (Eilam, 2012). Additional merits include enhancing innovation through the exposure of fresh possibilities and giving room to questions and facilitating swift responses to fast changes. It also improves communication and alleviates the isolation of businesses while sensitizing on broader objectives and it also leads to better-designed products and services. Notably, it is important to not that I did not find the system thinking mechanism to have any disadvantages to project, program and portfolio management. Project based workflow capable of analysis includes conditional transition and data creation with the incorporation of desired flow cycles. In week two, the topic of discussion was the identification of different system thinking tools and techniques which serve in aiding managers of projects to solve problems. From my learning and experiences prior to this course and through thorough reading and doing assignments, I learned the tools and techniques of system thinking. Additionally, I learned on the system thinking tools and techniques, how they assist and inhibit project managers and a project workflow analysis based approach. Tools and techniques basically enhance and facilitate the swift and timely solving problems by project managers in relation to the management of a scheme. System thinking tools work through means of aiding in the generation and organization of information concerning a system which gives room for exploring and answering questions. The system thinking tools known are the conceptual model, graphical analysis, matrix ,influence, input-output, multiple causes,systems,sequence,spray and affinity diagrams, the decision matrix, functional failure mode analysis and the morphological box. System thinking, due to its potential, incorporates the aforementioned tools and techniques to assist project managers in the understanding of the operation of a scheme, behavior, and structures of systems. It also helps in the management and understanding of computer simulation models which assist in the testing of the impact of interventions and degree of project difficulties. Additionally, it helps in the communication of a project manager understanding with another and in the designing of high leverage interventions for systems behaviors that are problematic (Eilam, 2012). Inherently, these tools and techniques provide difficulties to managers as they are dynamic and are prone to change, plus understanding them fully and how they operate is a daunting task. A project-based workflow approach would be to prepare adequately for any eventuality before it strikes to assist in the effective handling of problems. In week three, our main topic of discussion is the assessment of the relevance of systems engineering to project cases, and through my learning systems, I undertook to understand the nature of systems engineering. Furthermore, I took to understand the importance of systems engineering to an organization and the relevant people in a company who would apply this technology and its relevance to the management of a project. In addition to its relevance to project management, I also understood its importance to portfolio administration, its relevance to project cases and the appropriate workflow. Systems engineering is used in the enhancement of a successful system and it focuses solely on needs of customers, synthesis of the design and subsequent validation. It is importance to an organization includes better products to customers, improved reliability on its use, reduced errors in delivery and production, reduced changes in design and lead time and low claims of warranty. Additionally, it helps in making improved decisions and managing risks, improving learning in an organization, and its mainly employed by director and manufacturing sections in the company. Notably, systems engineering is fundamental to the management of a project and portfolio as it is used by managers through the project management plan (PMP) to enhance their skills in management and technical abilities. The standard project based work plan in system engineering involves the planning and control of technical projects and engineering specialty integration. In week four, the main topic of discussion is on the concepts and methodologies of systems engineering and how they assist project managers to organize their schemes. In so doing, I took to understand through my learning experience and readings, the application of systems approach to a project and how it helps a project manager identify problems and opportunities. Additionally, I read on the use of systems approach in solving problems and identifying opportunities, and the making of better decisions by project managers and workers in an organization. The core concepts of system engineering are requirements which state on what the system must do, followed by the design and test the usability of a project (Wasson, 2015). Other principles include the context of a system, its value and interdisciplinary which is founded on the philosophies the systems design considers. The methodologies, on the other hand, include software engineering, quality assurance processes, and systems engineering which are integrated into a controllable and predictable lifestyle. A systems approach helps project managers to define and develop benefits as it dictates what happens in order to maximize benefits and looking at the general plan for benefits development. Additionally, it helps project managers scrutinize benefits during execution, and ensure there are successful completion and review of the benefits. A systems approach is used by project managers in solving problems through the recognition and definition of a problem using system thinking, developing and evaluating alternative system solutions. Additionally, designing and selecting of a system solution that meets the requirements of a project manager and further execution of success helps in the solving of problems. In week five, our topic of discussion is the analysis of the importance of appropriate selection of project management application systems in view to the realization of a scheme (Willcocks, 2013). I took to understand the importance of appropriate selection of projects and the manner in which they help project managers in solving problems and making crucial decisions. Additionally, through reading and doing assignments in previous courses, I understood the foundations on the selection of PMIs and the opinions and promotions of software vendors. The selection of a good project system depends on a majority of factors that determine its usability and effective realization of a scheme and proper problem solving. These factors include its intuitive and collaborative nature, simplicity in showing data, reliability on updates, and capability of managing an entire lifecycle of a project, integration ability, and scalability. The opinions of the vendors and software developers are improvising operational database management and support systems, enabling good network access control and global services. Project managers solve problems through the proper identification of methodologies and necessary techniques that help in handling issues related to the project management. In week six, the topic for discussion is the description of a project, program and portfolio management (PPPM) application that leads to better knowledge and decision making. Through learning experiences, I analyzed the problems and hindrances to the realization of a program and what the application systems need to do in order to achieve this goal. PPPM entails making decisions and doing the right things at the appropriate moments, with its foundation based on elective delivery in time and in the scope of the finance. Therefore every portfolio, program, and project management aim at giving an organization a competitive edge over the others in the market structure and as such is focused on the realization of the results of a business and better performances. The common challenges that hinder the realization of PPPM includes: Initiatives that aim at achieving the same objectives and to some extent are overlapping Some initiatives have absolutely no connection to the plans of a business The satisfaction of strategic objectives with no projects put in place to facilitate this Some initiative only has unsubstantiated and excessively optimistic benefits and costs estimations The recommended steps to follow in order for projects to realize their goals and achieve their desired outcomes include the creation of a strategy that is relevant to the objectives of an organization. Additionally, the initiatives ought to have connections to the plans of a project and satisfy objectives of a project with proper mechanisms in place and the benefits of a business and associated costs are to be of substantiated value. In week 7, the topic of the discussion focuses on the comparisons of the merits and demerits of different manual and electronic PPPM application systems over the life cycle of a project. Through reading, I understand the lifecycle of a project, its purpose to the project management and work systems, to the sponsoring organization and to programs and portfolios. Additionally, I learned on the advantages and disadvantages of manual PPPM systems and electronic systems, and the interfaces central to the corporate systems with relevance to portfolios. The life cycle of a project is basically in five phases that involve project initiation, planning, execution, management and control and closure. Initiation of the Project This is the first stage of the lifecycle of a project and involves two main distinct functionalities, which are the pre-initiation of a project and the initiation itself. In this phase, the value and feasibility of the project are measured through two evaluation tools used by project managers in deciding the continuity of a project or the stoppage. These evaluation tools are the feasibility study which entails looking at the goals of the project and determining its execution, and the business case document which includes the benefits accrued financially and the necessity of the project. Planning of the Project After the determination of execution ability of a project is successful, a plan is generated to guide the team, keeping them on budget and within the timeframe. Therefore, a properly articulated plan offers insight to the team on the means for acquiring resources, finances and materials, and preparing them on the pending hurdles they are yet to face. Execution of the Project It involves ensuring the satisfaction of customers is guaranteed and delivered and it is the main stage associated with the management of a project as its success heavily depends on planning. Monitoring and Control of the Project This phase is usually in connection with the execution of a project as both occur concurrently, since there is no execution without control and monitoring by a team. Closure of the Project This is the final phase of the lifecycle of a project and it is only done when teams have accomplished the project to the customer and communicated to the stakeholders. It allows the team to evaluate the project, document it and try the next one, while banking on the strengths and weaknesses to establish a more effective and reliable scheme. It is important to note that the life cycle of project changes when it is between an operator and project-based organizations (PBOs) and not depending on the type of scheme. This is demonstrated by the fact that PBOs are is able to adapt to emerging trends in production and respond swiftly to the changing needs of clients, and its ability to integrate a variety of skills and knowledge in handling risks in projects. The need for the lifecycle of projects has been witnessed in the scheme management and work system, stakeholders, other programs, and portfolios. The importance of lifecycles is the assured of all work being included in the initiation stages, defining the work needed by the project and ensuring there is planning before implementation of a scheme. Additionally, the use of templates that are standard ensures comfortability to everyone in an organization on the deliverables of the project, hence resulting in faster solutions. Generally, there are two types of PPPMSs which are the manual and electric. Manual PPPMs help in good decision-making practices, minimizing the risks to private projects, ensuring the full exploitation of human resources and proving value to essential stakeholders in good terms. However, its disadvantages manifest in the form of the speed of record making which is relatively lower and time-consuming than electronic PPPMs. Additionally, the accuracy and reliability of the record by manual PPPMs is one that attracts high doubts when it reaches a level of consideration of project planning. The disadvantages associated with electronic PPPMs include the difficulty in integrating many toolsets with variable databases and the lack of success in the full control of the development of a product. Its advantages include the high rate of recording and the reliability and accuracy of the records taken, with an improved recalling ability. Additionally, it facilitates efficient sharing with people within the same project at the program and profile levels, hence the need for minimal or no modification at all to the electronic PPPMs as people embrace them already. The knowledge areas needing systems that deliver real-time data are those of risks and change management as they are of utmost importance in the implementation of project planning. Therefore, these systems enhance the efficiency in the operations and effectivity of a project, and the portfolios interface should be synchronous to enhance effective communication. In week 8, the main topic of discussion is in the identification of how project management application systems have aided managers in monitoring performances and managing changes within the scheme (Heizer, Render Munson, 2016). I reflected on the project management application systems, management of change and the meaning of monitoring performance. What are project management application systems? What are their advantages and disadvantages? These are some of the questions I would deliberate upon in this topic. The project application systems are those which are used in the successful running of a scheme and its disadvantages include lack of transparency and unreliability. This topic is relevant to the management of a project through monitoring its performance and making the necessary changes to ensure effectivity. Monitoring the performance of a project is a mechanism that helps in the provision of early indications of coordination problems, possible overturn of costs and resource conflicts (De Marco Narbaev, 2013). Change management is a concept that dictates our preparation, and support towards other people to ensure they successfully adopt changes for their organizational outcomes and success (Hayes, 2014). Therefore monitoring of performance and change management augment each other since through performance assessment, the transformation in governance and leadership is effectively adopted. The management of change does not change with different inventions and creations but rather adopts the incoming strategies to improve the old ones. The success of change in a project is measured by the rate of success and its effect on the people and when there is no change, there is less likelihood of success and sufficient evaluation. Additionally, changes to the project are fundamental unlike those to the program and portfolio as it forms the main topic of our discussion in this terms course, and there is no delay in the monitoring of performance. For BP Texas City and Deepwater horizon oils spill that killed eleven workers, appropriate would be to stop and capture leaking oil, saving wildlife, and response to needs of human (Mendelssohn, Andersen, Caffey, Carman Rozas,2012). For a CQU group assignment, a portfolio would be appropriate and for infrastructure and resources PPPMs, their availability and effective control is appropriate. Notably, the distribution of a project virtually, and internationally makes a difference as their scope of operations widen, increasing the chances of success. In week 9, the topic of discussion is on proposing an appropriate project management application systems to support project execution in infrastructure and resource industries (Kerzner, 2013). Through studying and doing assignments, I understood the differences between identity and proposal, the meaning of appropriate, necessities on executing a project and the effect of adoption. Identity means the similarity in issues, appropriate is the suitability of the project while proposal refers to a plan put forward for discussion by individuals. The following elements are indispensable in the execution of a program: The identification of project milestones The breaking down of the milestones into tasks The purchasing of equipment necessary for achieving the targets Allocation of tasks to teams with regards to their area of expertise Tracking the progress of each and every member and monitoring all expenditure Communicating of the progress to all stakeholders The adoption of a system engineering body of knowledge (SEBoK) enhances changes to the dimensional approach of project management as it promotes practice in engineering, education, and research (Bourque Fairley, 2014). In week 10, the topic of discussion is on contemporary developments in the use of project application systems which analyses the inventions in the modern times (Cummings Worley, 2014). I will deliberate on the eight recent innovations that I found appealing to the modern industry and project managers which include: The project management maturity model(PMMM) Methodologies on project management Continuous improvement Development of an effective procedural documentation Capacity planning Competency tools Managing numerous projects End of phase reviews meetings All the above stated modern inventions seek to facilitate the realization of a successful project formation to execution. References Beringer, C., Jonas, D., Georg Gemnden, H. (2012). Establishing project portfolio management: An exploratory analysis of the influence of internal stakeholders' interactions.Project Management Journal,43(6), 16-32. Bourque, P., Fairley, R. E. (2014).Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge (SWEBOK (R)): Version 3.0. IEEE Computer Society Press. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. De Marco, A., Narbaev, T. (2013). Earned value-based performance monitoring of facility construction projects.Journal of facilities Management, 11(1), 69-80. Eilam, B. (2012). System thinking and feeding relations: Learning with a live ecosystem model.Instructional Science,40(2), 213-239. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Heizer, J., Render, B., Munson, C. (2016).Principles of operations management: sustainability and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Mendelssohn, I. A., Andersen, G. L., Baltz, D. M., Caffey, R. H., Carman, K. R., Fleeger, J. W. ... Rozas, L. P. (2012). Oil impacts on coastal wetlands: implications for the Mississippi River Delta ecosystem after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.Bioscience,62(6), 562-574. Wasson, C. S. (2015).System Engineering Analysis, Design, and Development: Concepts, Principles, and Practices. John Wiley Sons. Willcocks, L. (2013).Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springer.